Concept-based Visual Counterfactual Explanations with Diffusion Models Opaque Epistemic Mediation: How LLM Deployment Configurations Shape the Validation of Pseudo-Science A Characterization of the Orthocomplement of the Tangent Space of Semiparametric Markov Models TLA$^{+}$-Bench: An Execution-Grounded Benchmark and Dataset for Natural-Language to TLA+ Specification Generation Error Certificates for KV-Cache Eviction via Randomized Design